Jeffersonian And Jacksonian Democracy - 1574 Words

Jeffersonian and Jacksonian Democracy both have roots dating back to the Era of Good Feelings, when James Monroe created a golden climate of liberalism and national unity. As a result of the War of 1812, Monroe spoke of his policies and beliefs and in 1817, peace, liberty, prosperity, and progress flourished throughout the nation (Garraty 200). The Era of Good Feelings came to an end because of the â€Å"corrupt bargain† in 1824. The transition from Jeffersonian to Jacksonian Democracy involved scandalous events that undermine the authority of the president and the government itself. Each Democracy had different views: politically, socially, economically and religiously. Jackson’s idea of democracy, furthermore, is an accurate representation†¦show more content†¦Similar to the beliefs of the Founding Father’s political democracy that- ordinary men should have political power to protect himself against the superior man- Jacksonian Democracy deftly delive rs civil rights to white men (Garraty 240) (Document 1). Before Jackson’s presidency, the Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820 in an effort to create a balance between the slave states and free states. This was significant because many southerners wanted to expand slavery while northerners wanted to abolish slavery. While northerners argued that Congress should be allowed to prohibit slavery, southerners insisted on â€Å"popular sovereignty†, the idea that states should be able to determine whether or not slavery should be allowed in their state(history.com). As a result, during Jackson’s presidency, more white men began to work and as the number of states entering the union increased, laws excluding African American men from voting increased under Jackson’s reign. This shows how racial segregation increases under Jackson’s reign. African Americans were given no civils rights and equality. Because of this, there was an Abolitionist Crusade in which William Lloyd Garrison forms an Anti-Slavery Society i n the 1830s. The majority of the Anti-Slavery Society is made up from democrats who protested the denial of political and civil rights to slaves. Freed and runaway slaves such as Frederick Douglass gave many speeches and wrote Narrative of theShow MoreRelatedJeffersonian Republicanism vs. Jacksonian Democracy1441 Words   |  6 Pagesstatus quo. The Jeffersonian Republicans image of the common man was one vested in the educated and independent farmer, who by no stretch of the imagine had the capabilities to serve in government. The Jacksonian Democracies image of the common man expanded from farmers to include laborers, planters, and mechanics. Jackson saw these people as the true representatives of the Government, and thus its true servers. The image of the common man for each the Jeffersonians and the Jacksonians differed in theRead MoreEssay on Jeffersonian Vs. Jacksonian Democracy in the US1927 Words   |  8 Pageswe distinguish ‘Jacksonian democracy’ from Ã¢â‚¬Ë œJeffersonian democracy’? A period of nearly 30 years are associated with the Presidency of Jefferson, his successors and his ‘democracy’ from 1801 until Andrew Jackson’s election in 1828. A vision of a united, equal America, limited government and natural aristocracy ruled the Jeffersonian style of democracy. However, with the election of Andrew Jackson in 1828, a new form of democracy, differentiating in multiply ways to the Jeffersonian America, engulfedRead MoreThe Evolution Of Democracy In The Early Republic. The Evolution1206 Words   |  5 PagesThe Evolution of Democracy in the Early Republic The evolution of democracy from the time of President Thomas Jefferson to President Andrew Jackson can be depicted as a minimal change in conceptually agrarian viewpoints and strong supporters of equality for the common man. While the two men essentially shared many of the same beliefs and ideas, there was a noticeable difference to how they acted on them and spoke out about them. As the nation s third president, Jefferson organized the national governmentRead MoreU.s. Department Of State And The United States Agency Of International Development Essay915 Words   |  4 Pagesdirection. In these strategic objectives there is representation of Wilsonian, Hamiltonian, Jeffersonian, and Jacksonian ideals. Current U.S. foreign policy certainly has a strong Wilsonian flavor. However, Wilson’s theory alone does not accurately portray U.S. foreign policy in the 21st Century. I will present examples of the other main political policy ideals and practices (Hamiltonian, Jeffersonian, and Jacksonian) in twenty-first century U.S. foreign relations. Woodrow Wilson was the 28th PresidentRead MoreThe Shaping Of Our Country1092 Words   |  5 PagesHistory I to 1876 Mr. William Stowe 28 November 2014 The shaping of our country has been impacted by several different factors, each contributing to it in their own way. Four of the major pivot points that occurred consists of: Jeffersonian democracy, Jacksonian democracy, Civil War/Reconstruction, Revolution/Constitution. However one of them happened to be the most impacting which was the Civil War and Reconstruction. The American Civil War occurred during 1861 to 1865, lasting only five yearsRead MoreSectionalism In The 19th Century1318 Words   |  6 Pagesand ongoing expansion during the early 19th century that helped to bring America together for a period both contributed to a time of happiness and breakthroughs in which America is trying to be defined as a happy and thriving nation. The rise of democracy coupled with the the gradual political process, both magnify the degree to which America was still trying to find themselves politically. The rise of sectionalism and decline of nationalism point to the once wavering aura of togetherness and separatenessRead MoreThe Evolution Of American Democracy Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesThe Evolution of the American Democracy United States can be seen as the first liberal democracy. The United States Constitution, adopted in 1788, provided for an elected government and protected civil rights and liberties. On the American frontier, democracy became a way of life, with widespread social, economic and political equality. The system gradually evolved, from Jeffersonian Democracy or the First Party System to Jacksonian Democracy or the Second Party System and later to the ThirdRead MoreDonald Trump s Foreign Policy Essay1843 Words   |  8 Pagesvalues and concerns of Jacksonian America (Mead 2002, 231).† Donald Trump embodies those Jacksonian principles almost down to the mark, with a small percentage of Jeffersonian thrown in. He believes in first and foremost protecting America and its interests while still protecting the liberties at home, and that is what has shaped and will shape his foreign policy if and when he becomes president. We will examine how Donald Trumps’ foreign policies align with the Jeffersonian school of thought firstRead MoreThe Evolution of American Democracy1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe Evolution of the American Democracy United States can be seen as the first liberal democracy. The United States Constitution, adopted in 1788, provided for an elected government and protected civil rights and liberties. On the American frontier, democracy became a way of life, with widespread social, economic and political equality. The system gradually evolved, from Jeffersonian Democracy or the First Party System to Jacksonian Democracy or the Second Party System and later to the Third PartyRead MoreThe Growth Of Democracy And Emergence Of Political Parties1804 Words   |  8 Pages1.There were many causes for the growth of democracy and emergence of political parties in early 19th century. To begin with, the expansion of franchise was instrumental in the growth of democracy. This occurred because certain legislatures laid back on their policies regarding who was allowed to vote. Many states started to increase white male suffrage, starting with Maryland, Indiana in 1816, Illinois in 1818, and Alabama in 1819. By the mid 1820s majority of the states had expanding voting rights

Sherman Alexie A Native American Writer Essay - 1195 Words

Sherman Alexie has made a name for himself as a prolific contemporary Native American writer, taking inspiration from his own past and experiences with modern Indian life. While there are many enduring themes throughout Alexies writings: Native identity, modern reservation life, alcohol abuse etc. when it comes to his collection War Dances, the most apparent motif is fatherhood. Community and family are the heart of Native American cultures, with the father archetype holding great honor and expectation. However with alcohol abuse, poverty, and school drop rates running rampant through Native American reservations it is no surprise that more and more Native children are growing up in broken homes. In an alarming poll by the Kids Count Data†¦show more content†¦It is most clearly defined in the short story â€Å"War Dances†, for which the collection is named. Through â€Å"War Dances† Alexie not only reflects on his own experiences, but uses them as a vessel to e xpose the decay of the ideology of fatherhood plaguing Native communities all over the country. In an informative interview journalist Billy Moyers asks Alexie if his writing is cathartic; in which he replies â€Å"I think it can be healing for readers...but my own words for myself I dont think so.† (Moyers Company). In his works Alexie explores deep wounds not for healing, but as a means to sacrifice himself and foray the absolutism of the white man. In a new warrior fashion he uses the power of story to his advantage. â€Å"War Dances† maybe the most blatant example as it touches many personal aspects especially Alexies struggle with illness and of course the relationship with his father. While this story may not be curative for Alexie it is most definitely a meditation. The story covers the course of life, from birth to death (Russell). The narrator is suddenly stricken with a disease that harkens back to an illness diagnosed at birth. This rings true to Alexie, he has dealt with illness his entire life. As an infant he was diagnosed as hydrocephalus, the same disease the narrator had suffered in youth. When reading this piece you can hear Alexies voice exploring a life riddled with sickness. â€Å"I was worried I had a brain tumor. Or that myShow MoreRelatedSherman Alexie s Without Reservation980 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it comes to the topic of Native Americans and tradition most will agree that Sherman Alexie is not the typical Indian writer and that he has in effect isolated himself. Jess Row in his article â€Å"Without Reservation†, depicts Sherman Alexie as a storyteller that uses non developing dark humor which in turn portrays his theme among each short story in Blasphemy. I agree with Row’s argument that Alexie maintains a sense of humor throughout his writings but that it develops prematurely. I also believeRead MoreSherman Alexie s Childhood And Education1896 Words   |  8 PagesSherman Alexie’s childhoo d and education have had a profound effect on his writing and career. Being a Native American growing up on the Spokane Indian Reservation, Alexie has had to fight stereotypes and certain negative influences such as alcoholism and poverty his entire life. The reader can gain a better understanding of Alexie’s struggles and negative influences in his life through one of his poems, â€Å"Influences†, where he discusses the negative influences he faced with alcohol from his ownRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian, By Sherman Alexie1391 Words   |  6 PagesMatthew Murphy Nyquist English-5 30 April 2015 Reservations or Restrictions According to 2010 US Census projections, 22% of our nation’s 5.2 million Native Americans live on reservations or tribal land. This may not seem to be an alarming statistic to most people. However, upon further examination of the living conditions, education, and life-altering effects that go along with living on an Indian reservation, this statistic may appear slightly more alarming. The effects of growing up on a reservationRead MoreCrow Testament Analysis1627 Words   |  7 PagesA Crow’s Testament of Accepting Fate As seen throughout Sherman Alexie’s work, despair and hardship caused by European influences among Native peoples is a common issue that seems to be a reoccurring element in his work. Through the use of figurative language, Alexie is able to transcribe those issues onto paper by using metaphors and illusions to describe emotions conveyed by the Native peoples. Sherman Alexie is a Native American writer that is influenced by his experiences while growing up onRead MoreAlcoholism: An Enemy of the Abandon Essay1034 Words   |  5 Pageslives. For instance, Sherman Alexie, a Native American writer, experiences many sorrows from alcohol. He writes about the sufferings he experienced in his fiction novel, â€Å"The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-time Indian† and talks about the struggle in his interviews. In addition to Alexie’s stories, Diane Sawyer, a reporter, investigates a Native American tribe and discovers that alcohol abuse is common in the reservation. Alco holism is portray as an enemy to Native Americans; however, alcohol becomesRead MoreSummary Of The Joy Of Reading And Writing By Sherman Alexie957 Words   |  4 PagesProsperity: For A Native American Sherman Alexie the author of the essay The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me was born and raised on a Spokane Indian Reservation. Growing up his family did not have a lot of money, yet today Alexie is known as one of the most prominent Native American writers. Alexie reminisces on his childhood when he first taught himself how to read. In the essay The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me Sherman Alexie suggests, that for Native Americans reading isRead MoreAnalysis Of Sherman Alexie s Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight Heaven 1598 Words   |  7 Pagesfiction, or anything related to such topics. Consequently, most books read in popular culture have a lesson; novels are a form of education. An example of this has been shown through Sherman Alexie’s Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. In this novel, he attempts to shed light on the struggles Native American people, specifically on the Spokane Reservation, withstand through multiple stories and perspecti ves. Some novels, if their perspective of truth has not been taken into account, stillRead MoreOmniscient Point of View in â€Å"This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona2086 Words   |  9 PagesMeans to Say Phoenix, Arizona† The story â€Å"This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona† by Sherman Alexie is a fictional narrative that reflects his experiences during his past and present life. The author allows the audience to become the social media that critiques his life when he evokes important episodes of his life through Victor and Thomas Builds-the-Fire liveliness. In this process, Sherman Alexis uses his omniscient point of view to tell his readers about the actions of his character;Read MoreAnalysis Of Sherman Alexie s Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight Heaven 1534 Words   |  7 Pageshistorical fiction, or anything related to such topics. However, most books read in popular culture have a lesson; novels are a form of education. An example of this can be shown through Sherman Alexie’s Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. In this novel, he attempts to shed light of the struggles Native American people, specifically on the Spokane Reservation, withstand through multiple st ories and perspectives. Some novels, if their perspective of truth is not taken into account, still affectRead MoreThe Most Wonderful Books : Writers On Discovering The Pleasures Of Reading1153 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Superman and Me† by Sherman Alexie first appeared in â€Å"The Most Wonderful Books: Writers on Discovering the pleasures of Reading.† Sherman Alexie is a well-known Native American writer that publishes short stories, novels, and poetry. Out of the three narratives, I found myself connect with this story more than the others. Alexie tells us about his childhood as an Indian boy that grew up on the Reservation. His father was a big reader so as a kid he’s always had an interest in books and eventually

Act 3 Scene 5 Romeo and Juliet Coursework Essay Example For Students

Act 3 Scene 5 Romeo and Juliet Coursework Essay This essay is going to explore the dramatic structure of Act 3 Scene 5 in the Shakespearian play Romeo and Juliet. I will look at the characters actions and see how they influence what happens in this scene. An example of one of these actions that influence the play would be that Juliet turned down Pariss marriage proposal because she already wife to Romeo. I will also be exploring other aspects, such as history, cultural and social contexts, and how these affect the characters behaviour throughout the play. This scene is central to the play, having been influenced by the scenes leading up to it, and helps lead up to the tragic ending that befalls the play. It begins with the two lovers, Romeo and Juliet, waking up together after their wedding night, or have they slept? Juliet tries to deny the fact that morning has come and Romeo has to leave with lines such as Wilt thou be gone? It is not yet near day, (Act 3 Scene 5 Line 1) and Yond light is not daylight, I know it, (Act 3 Scene 5 Line 12). She soon changes her mind, however, when Romeo mentions Let me be tane, let me be put to death, (Act 3 Scene 5 Line 17), after which, Juliet cant seem to get him out of the bedroom fast enough. Then, as if to clarify the fact Romeo has to leave, the nurse comes in and gives them the news Your Lady mother is coming to your chamber, (Act 3 Scene 5 Line 39). When Romeo has climbed down off of the balcony and is looking up, Juliet begins to fret she will never see her love again, and asks things such as O thinkst thou we shall ever meet again? (Act 3 Scene 5 Lines 51). In their exchange of romance, they bring to the surface a feel of doom with talk of the grave, As one dead in the bottom of a tomb, (Act 3 Scene 5 Line 56), and light and dark imagery, Either my eyesight fails, or thou lookst pale, (Act 3 Scene 5 Line 57). After Romeo has departed, Juliets mother, Lady Capulet, enters Juliets room with Ho daughter, are you up? (Act 3 Scene 5 Lines 62). Soon enough Juliet and are caught up in a conversation of ambiguity, with Juliet saying one thing and letting her mother take it the way she wishes, instead of what Juliet actually means, leading to a lack of understanding and proper communication. Because of this, Juliets mother comes to believe Juliet is grieving for Tybalt, when she is actually upset because of Romeo. Some examples are when Juliet says things like Yet, let me weep for such a feeling loss, which Lady Capulet believes means she feels a loss for Tybalt, but Juliet means How can I help but weep when my husband has just left? and Madam, if you find a man to bear poison I would temper it, that Romeo should upon receipt there of soon sleep in quiet, which leads to Lady Capulet thinking Juliet would feed Romeo poison if she could, but Juliet really means I would water the poison down so it couldnt hurt my Romeo. These ambiguities has a large impact on the both the scene and the play. The audience would know what Juliet means, and know how Lady Capulet has taken it in the wrong way. They would probably be thinking Wait! Juliet is not mourning for Tybalt! This gives the audience a greater understanding, and pulls them into the play more than it would have without the ambiguities and dramatic irony. After this, Lord Capulet enters into the bedroom, expecting to be greatly thanked for his effort in getting someone for Juliet to marry. He, along with his wife, believes Juliet is grieving for the loss of Tybalt, and compares her to a ship on a sea of tears, which is just one of many metaphors involved in the play. When he finds Juliet is not receptive of his gift of a husband, he flies into a rage, and uses lines such as Out you green-sickness carrion, out you baggage, (Act 3 Scene 5 line 156) to describe her, and tell her what to do if she didnt accept the marriage offer. This is how many of the fathers in his day and age would have reacted in his position, as you could say he almost owned Juliet, so her defying him would not have put him in the best of moods. .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d , .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d .postImageUrl , .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d , .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d:hover , .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d:visited , .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d:active { border:0!important; } .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d:active , .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9daae0492357d1ad690828150075d11d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: GCSE Media Coursework EssayHis daughter was classed as nothing on her own, and so he had to find some man to take her who was worthy to do just that. During his outburst, his wife stands by him, because she has no choice, as she is almost a possession herself, but thinks he goes to far with his insults, and tries to tell him You are to hot, (Act 3 Scene 5 Line 176). Its not just Lady Capulet who tries to calm him, the nurse also puts in an effort with God in heaven bless her. You are to blame my lord to rate her so, (Act 3 Scene 5 Line168-169). During this moment of fury from her father, Juliet would go through a lot of trouble, because she would be wanting to tell her father why she cannot marry the one she has chosen, but cannot. The audience would also be feeling sympathy for Juliet, because her father is threatening to throw her out if she does not marry the person he wants her to. They would also know why she cannot marry Paris, and feel for Juliet as she already has a husband, and she loves him. If she has told Lord Capulet, what might he have done? Would he have gone as far as having her killed? Shakespeare could not let Juliet die at that point, as he had based the whole story on a well-known poem, and it might well have ruined the tension he has built up to this point. Lady Capulet tells her daughter Talk not to me, for Ill not speak a word. Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee, (Act 3 Scene 5 Line 203-204). This would have felt like a knife in the back for Juliet. The audience wouldve felt sorry for Juliet, but also known what position Lady Capulet was in. Juliet had also gone and married someone without her parents consent, so maybe she deserved the position she was in now. Nowadays, the audience wouldnt know how Lady Capulet is, with equal rights and all that, so they dont have to rely on men to keep them afloat, they would just be thinking how can her own mother do that to her? This play is a tension-building masterpiece, which has been derived from an older poem to form what is now one of Shakespeares most famous pieces of work. The characters are detailed, and have their weaknesses and strengths, which all played a part to the storyline and made it a realistic drama for a Shakespearean audience. Shakespeares use of language, characters and setting all help to build tension and draw the audience into the play even more, making it very popular even today. All of the characters, whether they are main or just someone with one line, all have a part to play in the tension building, dramatic effect and end tragedy. His language use is superb, even if it is difficult to understand nowadays, and makes it a brilliant play to watch. The reading of it is not the best, because it is not meant to be read, but is meant for a stage with cast and such. The sympathy for the love of Romeo and Juliet is built up with the tension, until, at the end, it creates an eye watering piece of work.

Bolshevik Consolidation of Power 19-17-1924 free essay sample

The victory in the Civil War was extremely pivotal for the Bolshevik consolidation of power as it brought control and power but more importantly it eliminated the possibility of Bolshevik collapse in Russia. The Civil war was the most essential and crucial aspect for the Bolshevik consolidation of power as it potentially provided major control over most of Russian territories in victory but also the ability to eradicate the Bolshevik government from Russia in defeat. The Civil war lasted three years from 1918-1921. It divided Russia up into factions each fighting for survival or for their own agenda. The Bolsheviks were confronted with a number of enemies externally and internally as well. Opposition to the Bolsheviks included political groups (mainly Social Revolutionaries), monarchists, liberals, Czech legions and Allied intervention force who were collectively known as the whites. The Bolshevik known as the reds were faced with absolute danger as they were surrounded and outnumbered by the whites. The whites initially had an army size of approximately 2. 4 million with an extra 250,000 Allied forces whereas the newly created red army had only 300,000. The Bolsheviks won the war which ultimately granted them absolute power and control in most Russian territories as there was no longer opposition left to challenge their authority. Although the victory brought power and control it had a devastating effect on Russia. E Goldman states that Russia was like a graveyard country and that desertions in the army were common. The Civil war was devastating for Russia economically and socially, the Bolsheviks consolidated their power and there was no more military threat from their opposition. The Civil war was vital to the consolidation of power however it was only possible through the execution of War communism. War communism was an economic policy the Bolsheviks had created to meet the demands of war from 1918-1921. It forced manpower to either be directed to the Red Army or to the industry. It also confiscated all grain and food and allocated it to where it would be most productivity towards the war effort. The implementation of War Communism enabled the Red Army to be supplied with both food and weaponry and industrial workers to be fed. This was effective in allowing the Bolsheviks to maintain and effectively fight the civil war without the lack raw materials. David Christian believes that War Communism was essential as it ‘supplied towns and armies with enough food and supplies to keep providing war material to keep fighting’. Although War communism was effective towards the war effort it also significantly damaged the economy. The economy of Russia was shattered, there was a food shortage, fuel shortage and money had absolutely no value. The rouble was only worth 1% of its value in 1918, 10million died of starvation and agricultural output was 60% of pre war levels. War Communism enabled the logistics of war to be met which enabled the victory however it was extremely devastating on the economy and the Russian people. The implementation of War Communism could only be accomplished with the generation of Red Terror. The Cheka formed in 1917 was responsible for the role of inflicting carnage and intimidation into the minds of those who opposed the Bolsheviks. Their prolonged campaign of coercion was used to eliminate opposition but more importantly to allow the process of War Communism to take place efficiently without disruptions. This was vital as it made way for raw materials to be acquired for the war effort. Dzerzhinsky (head of CHEKA) states that it was necessary to make the foe feel as if everything done wrongly against the Soviet government will not go unpunished. The brutality of the CHEKA can be seen clearly in the deaths of almost 250,000 Russians during the civil war period. Pipes bluntly regards the ruthlessness as ‘a measure designed to destroy any thoughts and resistance to a dictatorship’. The Red Terror campaign was crucial to War communism as it provided the necessary force to meet the raw material demands of the Civil war although it was violent and relentless in destroying what it thought to be the opposition. Before the Civil was initiated, the Bolsheviks had to satisfy and meet the demands of the people through the Land Decree, Peace Decree, Workers Control Decree and providing an answer to the food shortages. The slogan used by the Bolsheviks in particular Lenin was ‘Bread, Peace and land! ’. These promises then had to be fulfilled in order to win over the people. Peasants at the time had already taken land into their own hands and the land Decree was only a formality signalling the approval of their actions. The Workers Control Decree was implemented to give workers (the Bolsheviks main supporters’ the impression that indeed the Bolsheviks were representing the proletariat. These reforms allowed the Bolsheviks to illustrate to the people that they were a legitimate and a genuine government working for the people and thus giving them control and stability. Adam Ulam states that the initial reforms did not make Civil War imminent as it pleased the people. The initial reforms however were unpopular with socialist political groups but also brought chaos to industries as well as rural areas. The implementation of these reforms could only satisfy the people for a short period and therefore did not sustain the power and stability for the Bolsheviks. In addition, the Treaty of Brest Litovsk was a direct result of Lenin’s promise in the peace decree. The treaty of Brest Litovsk signed on march 3rd 1918 was an non aggressive agreement between Russia and Germany which enabled Russia to leave World War I. The treaty eliminated the external threat of Germany who had made attempts to invade all the way to Petrograd. Russia was safe from the direct threat of the Germans however the price they had to pay to sign the treaty was tremendously harsh. Russia lost 33% of its agricultural land, 45million its population (30%), 54% of its industrial base and 3 billion roubles in compensation. The harsh nature of the Treaty meant that although the Bolsheviks were relieved of immediate danger they would come under heavy opposition. The treaty of Brest-Litovsk became the catalyst for the civil war as it provoked the socialist Revolutionaries to abandon the Bolsheviks. Leonard Schapiro supports this by stating that the treaty of Brest Litovsk ultimately cause the civil war by breaking the trust between the left Social Revolutionaries and the Bolsheviks. Overall the treaty of Brest Litovsk was important for the Bolsheviks as it provided peace for the people and gained trust and support from them, however it brought the imminent Civil war that was going to be waged against the Bolsheviks. Finally, the NEP was also another political reform which the Bolsheviks implemented to consolidate their power after the civil war had destroyed the economy and created unrest in the people. The Kronstadt revolt had taken place a couple of weeks earlier and as result Lenin had to propose the NEP as measures that would fix the economy and satisfy the people. The Kronstadt Revolt was a rebellion by the Bolsheviks most loyal sailors due to their disapproval of the actions of the Bolsheviks. Trotsky and his red Army of 60,000 annihilated the revolt killing up to 15,000 men. The willingness to kill their own supporters shows the absolutely control the civil war had brought to the Bolsheviks. The NEP itself was introduced in 1921 and brought an end to War Communism. The NEP provided a fix to the economy as well as satisfaction the peasants by allowing them to keep some of their grain after tax. The NEP was successful in rebuilding the economy, by 1924 grain harvest had doubled and the wage of industrial workers rose by 150%. Ronald Segal states that the NEP was extremely successful as in provided consumer with goods and encouraged private trade. The NEP was successful in rebuilding the economy and satisfying the people, however it was condemn by others who thought that it was not socialist principles. The NEP was very important to Bolshevik consolidation of power however it would not have taken place at all if the Bolsheviks had not won the civil war. In the period of 1917-1924 Russia was faced with numerous crises internally and externally. War Communism, Red Terror, the NEP, Initial reforms and the treaty of Brest-Litovsk were all measures that the Bolsheviks undertook to solve their crises and consolidate their power. The Civil War however was the most prominent and extremely significant towards the Bolshevik consolidation of power as it posed the greatest danger to the regime but also brought the most power to the Bolshevik in that time period.